The 19th European Headache Congress (EHC25) was held in Lisbon and brought together headache specialists, researchers and healthcare professionals from across Europe and beyond. Under the theme Transforming challenges into solutions, the congress focused on translating advances in headache science into meaningful improvements in clinical care. The meeting addressed key challenges in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of headache and facial pain disorders, with an emphasis on bridging basic science, translational research and real-world clinical practice.

In this year-end review, we are pleased to share personal highlights from members of the touchNEUROLOGY Editorial Board, whose perspectives offer a window into the innovations that have most influenced clinical practice and research over the past 12 months. Their reflections capture not only the momentum of 2025, but also the promise of what lies ahead as the field continues to evolve.

It is my pleasure to introduce the 2025 of touchREVIEWS in Neurology, which brings together an exceptional collection of reviews, original research and congress highlights that reflect the continued evolution of neurological science and clinical innovation. This issue opens with Jelle ...

In general, headaches can be classified into primary headaches (where no underlying disease is found) and secondary headaches (where a predefined condition is the cause of the headache). According to the International Classification of Headache Disorders, third edition (ICHD-3), primary ...

The RIDOSE-MS study investigated whether extending rituximab dosing intervals could maintain efficacy and reduce side effects in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). In this Q&A, we spoke with Prof. Anders Svenningsson, Professor of Neurology at Karolinska Institutet and consultant at Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, about the background to the RIDOSE-MS trial, clinical insights on results, what the data reveal about long-term safety and efficacy, and how personalized dosing could shape future anti-CD20 treatment.

Nominated as a touchNEUROLOGY Future Leader 2025, and in collaboration with National Multiple Sclerosis Society (NMSS), Dr Nourbakhsh shares his experiences, mentors and breakthroughs that continue to inspire his work. Dr Nourbakhsh is a Partner in MS Care through the Johns Hopkins University designation and his practice is designated as a Center for Comprehensive MS Care from the National Multiple Sclerosis Society.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by the degeneration of both upper and lower motor neurons, which ultimately leads to muscle weakness, atrophy, spasticity and contractures.1 ALS typically manifests in the 50–60 years age range, although familial cases may present in ...

Over the past two decades, the understanding and management of multiple sclerosis (MS) have advanced dramatically, reshaping long-held views of the disease. MS is now increasingly seen as a continuous spectrum rather than a condition with distinct phases, with evidence showing it can begin silently, even before clinical symptoms emerge. Technological and diagnostic innovations have enabled the detection of early brain changes and biomarkers, opening doors to earlier diagnosis and intervention. New diagnostic criteria allow MS to be identified without a clinical event, and studies on disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) support the benefits of early treatment. A major shift in treatment strategy is also underway, emphasizing early, aggressive approaches and therapies that target progression rather than just relapses, which are no longer seen as the main driver of long-term disability. A pivotal development in MS research is the confirmation of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) as a fundamental trigger of the disease, with new evidence pointing to specific viral protein regions as higher-risk factors. Despite these strides, MS research remains a dynamic and evolving field, with much still to be uncovered beneath the surface.

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is a rare, autoimmune neurological disorder in which peripheral nerve demyelination typically results in weakness, impaired limb sensation, fatigue and pain.1–4 CIDP may adversely affect activities of daily living, with a substantial impact on functional ...