ESO Highlights

Background for molecular-based therapy for spinal muscular atrophy Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disease and the most common cause of infant death worldwide, with an incidence of 1:10,000 live births and carrier frequency of 1:50.1 This disease, caused by degeneration of spinal and bulbar motor neurons, is characterized by progressive muscle […]

Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) have brought about substantial improvements to the lives of people with multiple sclerosis (MS).1–3 However, MS remains a chronic disease with a variable course and symptoms, representing a substantial challenge to quality of life.2,3 MS management requires a personalized approach by which healthcare professionals (HCPs) partner with patients.4,5 MS nurses play a central role in […]

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to unprecedented illness and death among the global population. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can range from mild upper respiratory symptoms that subside with no lasting effects to multiorgan system failure and death.1 It can also result in numerous neurological symptoms that are less well […]

The surge in social media use seems to have become a sign of our times. Social media has ramified into not only our personal lives but, importantly, also our professional lives and will continue to do so in the future.1–4 At the same time, more neurologists resorted to online learning modalities, including podcasts and social media […]

Although disease-modifying therapies have been the primary focus of multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment during the past two decades, there is increasing awareness of the importance of treating patients holistically, paying attention to functional comorbidities and addressing mood and cognition. In general, promoting healthy behaviours and encouraging physical activity is essential to enhancing quality of life […]

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated neurodegenerative disease affecting approximately 2.5 million individuals worldwide.1,2 Pathologically, MS is mostly characterized by inflammation, demyelination, axonal degeneration and gliosis. Clinically, a wide range of symptoms can occur, including cognitive, motor and sensory impairments.3 The clinical disease course is often classified as relapsing-remitting MS, primary-progressive MS or secondary-progressive MS.4 Relapsing-remitting MS […]

Myasthenia gravis (MG) represents the major and most frequent primary disorder of the neuromuscular junction. Clinical hallmarks are variable and include exercise-induced weakness involving extraocular, bulbar, limb and/or axial muscles.1 Respiratory involvement, characterized by orthopnoea or dyspnoea with exertion, occurs in about 40% of patients with MG and is often associated with bulbar dysfunction and neck […]

Photophobia is a complex disorder that can involve aversion not simply to bright light but to spatial patterns, colour and flicker.1 It is common in neurological diseases that involve the visual system,2 of which migraine is the most prevalent. Tinted lenses have been widely advocated on the internet as a means of reducing photophobia, particularly in migraine, […]

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a syndome characterized by a combination of clinical and radiological features.1–3 Its global incidence is unknown. It is underdiagnosed probably due to limited awareness. PRES presents with the rapid onset of neurological symptoms, such as headache, convulsion, altered consciousness and visual disturbance. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging […]