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Data from the REFORM trial (NCT04674020) provide valuable insights into cortical inflammation in adults with migraines, using a novel quantitative, multimodal MRI technique to compare these patients with age- and gender-matched healthy controls, enhancing our understanding of migraine biology and other headache disorders. The discussion also covers cluster headaches, focusing on a study that examines premonitory symptoms in affected individuals and highlights key phenotypic characteristics. Additionally, we explore findings from the European Migraine & Headache Alliance on the stigma surrounding migraines, which yield insightful and actionable results. Looking ahead, the focus shifts to the latest data on new medications for preventing and treating migraine attacks, discussing future prospects and identifying areas in headache disorder management that still need further attention.

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder where antibodies disrupt the neuromuscular junction, causing muscle weakness that worsens with activity. MG subgroups are based on muscle weakness location, age, antibody type, and thymus pathology, with some patients experiencing severe, treatment-resistant symptoms. Biomarkers can indicate prognosis. First-line treatments include pyridostigmine for symptomatic relief and immunosuppressants like prednisolone and azathioprine. Thymectomy is recommended for certain patients. Second-line treatments include mycophenolate, rituximab, and others, with new therapies like complement and FcRn inhibitors showing promise. Intravenous immunoglobulin and plasma exchange are used for acute exacerbations. Supportive therapy, including adapted exercise, is crucial. In refractory cases, comorbidities and diagnosis accuracy should be reconsidered.

Welcome to the latest edition of touchREVIEWS in Neurology. We are excited to present a collection of articles that showcase the latest advancements and diverse perspectives in neurological research and treatment. This issue features insightful reviews and editorials from esteemed experts, providing valuable insights into modern management strategies and novel therapeutic approaches for various neurological […]

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are a group of relapsing autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system. The clinical hallmarks of NMOSD are myelitis and optic neuritis; however, a wider clinical spectrum has been recognized.1 The majority of patients with NMOSD exhibit pathogenic immunoglobulin G autoantibodies against the astrocytic water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4).2 While the understanding of […]

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with a worldwide distribution.1 The first clinical description of NMOSD was made a century ago by Devic and Gault, who documented patients with monophasic and bilateral optic neuritis (ON) and myelitis.2 A few decades ago, NMOSD was considered a variant […]