EAN Highlights

Why this topic matters Autoimmune psychosis (AP) is conceptualized as a psychosis-dominant form of autoimmune encephalitis (AE). In contrast to ‘typical’ AE, in which seizures, impaired consciousness and focal deficits rapidly declare a neurological syndrome, patients with AP can initially present to psychiatric services with apparently isolated psychotic or mood symptoms. Overt neurological signs may […]

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most prevalent cause of dementia, is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by the abnormal accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tau tangles. It currently affects more than 50 million individuals worldwide, with projections reaching over 210 million by 2050.1 While advancing age remains the dominant risk factor – affecting more than […]

It is my pleasure to introduce the 2025 of touchREVIEWS in Neurology, which brings together an exceptional collection of reviews, original research and congress highlights that reflect the continued evolution of neurological science and clinical innovation. This issue opens with Jelle Demeestere and Sarah Gorey’s editorial on the 2025 European Stroke Organisation Conference (ESOC), which […]

Between 60% and 80% of cases with dementia worldwide are caused by Alzheimer’s disease (AD), making it the most prevalent type of dementia.1 As of 2025, approximately 60 million people worldwide are affected by dementia, and by 2050, projections suggest a rise to nearly 210 million.2 Age is the strongest risk factor, with AD affecting nearly half […]

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a fatal, autosomal-dominant, neurodegenerative disorder caused by a cytosine–adenine–guanine (CAG) trinucleotide repeat expansion in the huntingtin (HTT) gene, located on chromosome 4p16.3. When this repeat exceeds 36 units, it leads to the synthesis of a mutant HTT (mHTT) protein, which aggregates and disrupts numerous cellular processes, including transcriptional regulation, mitochondrial function, axonal transport and […]

In general, headaches can be classified into primary headaches (where no underlying disease is found) and secondary headaches (where a predefined condition is the cause of the headache). According to the International Classification of Headache Disorders, third edition (ICHD-3), primary headache types include migraine, tension-type headache, trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TAC) and other primary headache disorders […]

Acute ischaemic stroke management Recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing bridging intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) to direct endovascular treatment (EVT) for large-vessel occlusion (LVO) strokes within 4.5 hours of onset have failed to show inferiority of direct EVT. Moreover, bridging IVT showed possible benefit, particularly within the first 2 hours after symptom onset.1,2 The Intravenous rhTNK-tPA […]

Epilepsy affects approximately 1% of the global population, with one-third of patients remaining refractory to medical therapy.1 Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), defined as the failure of two appropriately chosen antiseizure medications (ASMs) to achieve seizure freedom, poses significant risks, including injury and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP).2 Early identification of DRE is critical to enable timely exploration […]

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder of upper and lower motor neurons that results in progressive motor impairment. ALS is the most common disease of motor neurons with an annual incidence of approximately 1.7–2.5 per 100,000 people. It is a terminal condition with a typical life expectancy of 2–5 years from symptom onset. […]