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Diabetic striatopathy (DS) is a rare hyperglycaemic condition associated with one or both of the following criteria: (1) acute-onset chorea–ballism (random, flowing and nonsuppressible involuntary movements) and (2) striatal hyperdensity on computed tomography (CT) scan or T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).1,2 DS is generally considered a complication of poorly controlled non-ketotic hyperglycaemia with acute hyperglycaemic surge, although […]

Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA), a neurodevelopmental and progressive neurodegenerative disease, is the most common inherited form of ataxia, with disease incidence as high as 1 in 29,000 in Caucasian populations.1 Patients typically present with ataxia from ages 7 to 15 years and lose the ability to walk by their mid-twenties.2 Other common features include cardiomyopathy, diabetes, spasticity, hearing […]

Neuropathic pain arises from injury to or disease in the somatosensory nervous system.1 Normal sensation and pain sensation are both impaired and patients may present with peculiar painful characteristics such as allodynia and hyperalgesia.2 Central neuropathic pain includes pain from spinal cord injury and demyelinating diseases of the spinal cord, such as multiple sclerosis.1 Lesions or disease of […]

We were delighted to speak with Prof. Erika Petersen (University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA) around the six month results from the SENZA-PDN study. The abstract entitled: ‘Sustained Benefits for 10 kHz Spinal Cord Stimulation Treatment of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy—Six Month Results from a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial’ was presented at […]

Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (hATTR) is a progressive life-threatening disease that typically presents as progressive sensorimotor polyneuropathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, or a combination of both.1 Patients with hATTR-associated polyneuropathy (hATTR-PN) typically require assistance walking after 5–6 years, and die within 7–10 years from the onset of neuropathy.2 However, clinical manifestations of amyloidosis can affect other organs as well, including […]

Complex regional pain syndrome, type 1 (CRPS1)/reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) is a neuropathic pain disorder,1 with pain reflecting partially damaged nerve fibers.2 It is normally caused by traumatic injury, further aggravated by neuroinflammation.3 The latter contributes to the devastating potential for CRPS1/RSD progressing to a permanent, totally disabling condition.4 Identifying CRPS early, when classical features […]

Multiple sclerosis (MS) involves inflammation, demyelination and neurodegeneration of the central nervous system (CNS) and is characterized by variable degrees of axonal loss and gliosis.1 Lesions occur in both the white and grey matter. Generally, the overall incidence of MS and other chronic autoimmune disorders has increased in the last 100 years.2 The incidence and […]

Recent research suggests that vitamin D plays an important role in preventing and/or decreasing the risk of a variety of neurodegenerative disorders in addition to its well-established role in bone and calcium metabolism. It is estimated that 40–80% of geriatric patients have low levels of serum vitamin D.1In this article we review the latest research […]