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Introduction The term ‘stroke’ is used to describe an adverse clinical state involving interference of blood circulation to the brain due to obstruction or rupture of blood vessels.1 Stroke was previously categorized into a cardiovascular disorder until the release of the International Classification of Disease 11 (ICF-11) in 2018, when stroke was recognized as a neurological […]

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex disease that can pose significant challenges in diagnosis, monitoring and treatment. Over the years, the quest for more precise and accessible diagnostic tools has led to the exploration of different fluid biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or serum. Fluid biomarkers can offer insights into the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment […]

The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has caused a worldwide pandemic, and its impact on healthcare systems around the world is still being investigated. The potential effect of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on people living with dementia and the ability of COVID-19 to precipitate the risk of developing dementia are particular areas of concern. This article provides an overview of the current understanding of the impact […]

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to unprecedented illness and death among the global population. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can range from mild upper respiratory symptoms that subside with no lasting effects to multiorgan system failure and death.1 It can also result in numerous neurological symptoms that are less well […]

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia.1 It is characterized by two hallmark pathologies: the deposition of amyloid-β plaques and the neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau.1 The clinical presentation of AD includes a progressive decline in two or more cognitive domains, which include memory, language, executive and visuospatial function, personality, […]

Postpartum depression (PPD) is an important mental health problem that is associated with maternal distress and poor maternal–fetal bonding. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) now classifies PPD as major depressive disorder (MDD), with peripartum onset.1 The distinction ‘with peripartum onset’ is new in DSM-5 and is important, as 50% of ‘postpartum’ major […]

Valued editorial board member Jeffrey Cummings (University of Nevada, Las Vegas [UNLV], and Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA) shares exciting insights from the session he co-chaired at AAIC20 entitled ‘Microbiome in Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Treatment Implications’. Questions 1. Could you give us a brief overview of the role of […]

In the past 4 months, a novel coronavirus originating in Wuhan, China, SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), has affected more than 200 countries. As of mid-June 2020, there are over 7 million confirmed cases and more than 425,888 deaths worldwide caused by the novel coronavirus, although the numbers are likely to be higher […]

Multiple sclerosis (MS) has traditionally been considered a primarily T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS); this is based on data from animal models,1 the presence of activated T lymphocytes in MS plaques that outnumber B cells and T-cell subset alterations in blood,2 the association of MS with certain human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and a […]