Pathologically, Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the presence of Lewy bodies.1 In a staging model proposed by Braak in 2003,2 the presence of midbrain lesions are preceded by degeneration and Lewy bodies in lower brain stem nuclei. Indeed, non-motor features such as constipation, […]
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Article highlights Multiple screening tests are available to screen patients for cognitive impairment, and the Confusion Assessment Method is a helpful test to screen for delirium in the immediate postoperative period. Medicine reconciliation and identification and removal of potentially inappropriate medications per Beer’s list are important tasks that should not be overlooked, especially during a preoperative appointment. […]
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