Neurosurgery

Intracranial radiosurgery, no matter the means or methods of administration, is predicated on a core set of principles, including head immobilization and precise delineation of the treatment target. For some five decades after Leksell introduced the concept of stereotactic radiosurgery in 1951,1 rigid head fixation via an invasive device was an integral component towards these ends. […]

Studying cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is essential for diagnosing many central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including infection, inflammation and malignancy. Lumbar puncture is a relatively safe and routinely performed procedure for extracting CSF.1 In this review, we summarize the essential CSF flow dynamics, common indications and contraindications for lumbar puncture, and describe the procedures to rule out […]

Infections and their prevention have long been a significant concern for surgeons around the world. Surgical site infections (SSIs) represent a considerable burden for both patients and providers alike, as they often result in significant morbidity and mortality, as well as high costs to healthcare systems. In the United States, SSIs have been identified as […]

Cerebral cavernous malformations are commonly found in deep regions of the brain, such as the thalamus and brainstem.1 While posing a significant risk of hemorrage,2 they also present a surgical challenge as the rates of morbidity and mortality are high.1,3 In patients with brain blood vessel malformations, planning the safest approach to surgery is critical. […]