Neurostimulation in the Treatment of Epilepsy: A Review of Current and Emerging Therapies

Isabella Henderson, Nisali A Gunawardane, Ruben I Kuzniecky

Epilepsy affects approximately 1% of the global population, with one-third of patients remaining refractory to medical therapy.1 Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), defined as the failure of two appropriately chosen antiseizure medications (ASMs) to achieve seizure freedom, poses significant risks, including injury and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP).2 Early identification of DRE is critical to enable timely exploration […]

touchREVIEWS in Neurology. 2025;21(1):Online ahead of journal publication

Neuromuscular Diseases

Is ALS Hereditary?

Published Online: Jul 24th 2015

Mark Bazant, M.D., neurologist, Norton Neuroscience Institute, discusses the genetics of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease.

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Individualized myasthenia gravis treatment based on well-defined disease pathogenesis

Nils Erik Gilhus

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder where antibodies disrupt the neuromuscular junction, causing muscle weakness that worsens with activity. MG subgroups are based on muscle weakness location, age, antibody type, and thymus pathology, with some patients experiencing severe, treatment-resistant symptoms. Biomarkers can indicate prognosis. First-line treatments include pyridostigmine for symptomatic relief and immunosuppressants like prednisolone and azathioprine. Thymectomy is recommended for certain patients. Second-line treatments include mycophenolate, rituximab, and others, with new therapies like complement and FcRn inhibitors showing promise. Intravenous immunoglobulin and plasma exchange are used for acute exacerbations. Supportive therapy, including adapted exercise, is crucial. In refractory cases, comorbidities and diagnosis accuracy should be reconsidered.

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Neurostimulation in the Treatment of Epilepsy: A Review of Current and Emerging Therapies

Learning Activities

Journals

Specialities

Neurostimulation in the Treatment of Epilepsy: A Review of Current and Emerging Therapies

Is ALS Hereditary?

This Content is for
Members Only

Individualized myasthenia gravis treatment based on well-defined disease pathogenesis

Anthony Béhin, EAN 2023: Highlights in myasthenia gravis

Luca Leonardi, EAN 2023: Skin amyloid deposits and nerve fiber loss as markers of neuropathy onset and progression in hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis

Sabrina Sacconi, EAN 2023: The MycarinG study - rozanolixizumab in the treatment of muscle-specific kinase autoantibody-positive myasthenia gravis

Sabrina Sacconi, EAN 2023: Highlights in myasthenia gravis

Highlights from EAN 2023!

World Congress on Controversies in Neurology (CONy): Presidential highlights, Amos D. Korczyn

Francesco Saccà, EAN 2022: Improving quality of life for patients with generalized myasthenia gravis - ADAPT trial findings

James Howard AAN 2022: Ravulizumab for adults with anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive generalized myasthenia gravis – Results from the phase 3 CHAMPION-MG OLE trial

James Howard, AAN 2022: Unmet needs in the treatment of myasthenia gravis

Tuan Vu, AAN 2022: Ravulizumab for adults with anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive generalized myasthenia gravis - Results from the phase 3 CHAMPION-MG trial

Michela Guglieri, AAN 2022: Safety and efficacy of corticosteroid regimens for Duchenne muscular dystrophy - Results of an international randomized controlled trial

Michela Guglieri, AAN 2022: Unmet needs and the role of corticosteroids in the treatment paradigm of Duchenne muscular dystrophy

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