Multiple Sclerosis
An Introduction to Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS and one of the most common causes of neurological disability in adults. It is characterized by a relapsing-remitting clinical course, which progresses to a more chronic progressive phase, although a minority have a progressive course from onset. Numerous disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) have emerged, including oral (fingolimod, dimethyl fumarate, teriflunomide, cladribine, siponimod, ozanimod), injectable (glatiramer acetate, pegylated interferon beta-1a) and intravenous (alemtuzumab, ocrelizumab) options. Challenges include switching therapies in patients who become refractory to initial treatment. MS is also the fastest growing indication for autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in Europe, with a growing body of evidence supporting its use in highly active relapsing-remitting MS that does not respond to DMTs.
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