Neuroimmunology
An Introduction to Neuroimmunology
Neuroimmunology aims to understand the interactions of the immune and nervous systems. Neural targets involved in many aspects of homeostasis are affected by inflammatory cytokines. The most well-known autoimmune neurological disorder is multiple sclerosis, characterised by an inflammatory autoimmune attack on the myelin sheath and neurodegeneration. Neuroinflammation also plays a role in in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, stroke, chronic depression and schizophrenia. Neuroimmunology is also an important consideration in the design of neural implants. Further understanding of the balance between beneficial and pathological effects of the immune system on the neuronal system will facilitate the development of novel therapies.
Browse our gallery of video highlights and short articles from the conference hub, providing latest expert insights from major conferences and peer-reviewed articles from the journal portfolio.
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Leading experts share their perspectives on the most important therapeutic and treatment updates at AAN 2026 and discuss how these findings may shape the future of neurologic care At American Academy of Neurology (AAN) Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL, USA, April 18–22, 2026, major ...
Emerging data from AAN 2026 across neuroimmunology, epilepsy, neuromuscular disease, movement disorders and neuroinfectious disease highlighted the continued evolution of neurology toward more precise, personalized and mechanism-driven care. The American Academy of Neurology (AAN) Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL, USA, from April 18–22, 2026, ...
New findings highlight the importance of functional antiviral immunity, beyond lymphocyte expansion alone, in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. At American Academy of Neurology 2026, Dr Yair Mina (Staff Clinician, Experimental Immunotherapeutics Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), Bethesda, MD, ...
New international data support rapid aquaporin-4 antibody testing to improve earlier diagnosis and access to care in NMSOD Accurate and timely antibody testing remains central to improving outcomes in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), where early diagnosis can help prevent ...
The late-breaking science sessions at AAN Annual Meeting 2026, Chicago, IL, USA brought together a wide range of pivotal and practice-shaping data spanning rare disease, neuroimmunology, headache, epilepsy, neurodegeneration and neuromuscular medicine. Several presentations reported positive phase III findings, while others ...
Prof. Michael Levy highlights the first positive phase 3 trial in MOGAD and what it could mean for future standards of care. Relapse prevention remains one of the greatest unmet needs in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), where recurrent inflammatory ...
Understanding multiple sclerosis (MS) across the lifespan has become increasingly important as insights from adult disease cohorts reshape concepts of susceptibility, progression and long-term treatment strategy. In this Q&A, Dr Bardia Nourbakhsh (Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, ...
The 19th European Headache Congress (EHC25) was held in Lisbon and brought together headache specialists, researchers and healthcare professionals from across Europe and beyond. Under the theme Transforming challenges into solutions, the congress focused on translating advances in headache science into meaningful improvements in clinical care. The meeting addressed key challenges in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of headache and facial pain disorders, with an emphasis on bridging basic science, translational research and real-world clinical practice.
Late-breaking data presented during the LB1: Late-Breaking Research and Clinical Trials session at ACTRIMS Forum 2026, February 5-7, 2026, San Diego, CA, USA, highlighted both progress and persistent challenges across multiple sclerosis (MS) and related neuroimmunological disorders. The session featured studies spanning ...
“The Pathways to Cures roadmap was built through global consensus so we can focus on the most impactful research to end MS.” - Bruce Bebo, National MS Society The Pathways to Cures roadmap represents one of the most coordinated global ...
The European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS) 2025 Congress, held in Barcelona, brought together over 9,600 global experts under the theme “A New Era of Precision.” This report, developed in collaboration with the National Multiple Sclerosis Society, highlights key breakthroughs in diagnosis, treatment, and lifestyle interventions—including advances in ocrelizumab, BTK inhibitors, myelin repair strategies, and early biomarkers. With new insights into cognition, menopause, and precision medicine, ECTRIMS 2025 underscored the shift toward truly personalised, data-driven MS care.
At ECTRIMS 2025, leading experts in multiple sclerosis (MS) research and care reflected on the latest advances shaping the field. From novel immunotherapies and evolving B-cell treatment strategies to emerging insights into chronic inflammation, neuroprotection, and repair. Prof. Anders Svenningsson, Dr Marcello Moccia, and Dr Seema Kalra share their perspectives on some of the most promising developments and ongoing research challenges.
In this Q&A, Dr Seema Kalra, Royal Stoke MS Centre, UK, discusses key updates from ECTRIMS 2025, including updates in MS diagnostic criteria, biomarkers, imaging protocols, and advances in therapeutic strategies.
At ECTRIMS 2025, updates to the McDonald diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis highlighted the increasing role of MRI, OCT and body-fluid biomarkers in supporting early and accurate diagnosis. We spoke with Dr Marcello Moccia about the criteria’s flexible design, global applicability, and how multimodal approaches could improve prognostication and treatment selection.
Explore key updates to the McDonald criteria for diagnosing multiple sclerosis and how they aim to improve early, accurate diagnosis. An article prepared in collaboration with the National MS Society.
In our inaugural touchNEUROLOGY Future Leaders 2025 campaign, we celebrate the next generation of neurologists, rising stars shaping the future of clinical practice, research, and education across neurological specialties.
As touchNEUROLOGY approaches 20 years of providing education for busy neurologists, we are looking to the future—and it certainly looks bright!
At EAN 2025, Prof. Moccia shared his perspective on the evolving multiple sclerosis McDonald criteria, the role of advanced imaging and fluid biomarkers, and the exciting innovations reshaping MS diagnosis and management.
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